USAFRICA COP25

 
 AFRICA CONTINENT ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST
 
 
Global environmental management system
IBM manages its operations to minimize their potential impact on the environment. Chemicals needed for research, development, manufacturing processes and services are selected and managed, from purchase through storage, use and disposal to avoid release and contamination of the environment. Buildings, processes and activities are monitored and optimized to minimize their use of water and energy. IBM products are designed to be energy efficient and so that they can be reused, recycled or disposed of properly at the end of their useful lives. Waste materials resulting from our operations are reused and recycled where possible.  To identify and effectively manage the potential environmental impact of IBM's operations, IBM has established and maintained a strong worldwide environmental management system (EMS) for decades. IBM's environmental management system is a vital element in the company's efforts to achieve results consistent with environmental leadership.
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Environment Management System
An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a comprehensive, systematic, cyclic, planned and documented set of processes that provides an organization information on and ability to manage its environmental performance  Environmental sustainability is a never-ending journey, where continuous improvement and developments should always take place and bring up new achievements and challenges. Our journey started with becoming climate neutral in 2008, and achieving 3% year-on-year GHG emissions reduction as of 2010. Climate neutrality was a first and important step towards reducing the environmental impact of our operations, and in 2015 we took the next step towards systematic environmental management.  In August 2015, UNEP signed the organization’s Environmental Policy and developed and EMS for its operations. The UNEP EMS is conceived as a set of actions to be implemented in most UNEP offices and its awareness and communication activities are aimed at all UNEP staff. UNEP has committed to monitor, measure and manage its environmental performance year-on-year, to seek continuous improvement, and be able to take timely corrective actions.  The first EMS cycle (2015-2019) focused on the following environmental aspects: Greenhouse gases emissions; Energy use and management; Waste generation and management; Fresh water use and management; and, Staff awareness. In 2020, the EMS was updated for a second cycle of 4 years (2020-2024) with the adoption of the UN Secretariat policy and the introduction of the EMS high-level steering committee. The EMS scope was expanded and now additionally includes air travel, events, and remote meetings.  Different areas of focus:  Priority Organization level - Air travel (remote meetings), Events, and Staff awareness  Secondary Office level - Energy use, Waste management, and Water management  Action plans have been developed to tackle each environmental aspect and are shared with UNEP top management and dedicated working groups for endorsement/feedback. If you wish to contribute, email your suggestions to Jillian Forte and we will try to turn them into actions in our action plans! We will keep you posted, as the action plans are updated annually and monitoring reports produced and shared with UNEP top management and staff.
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World Environmental System
World Environmental Systems (WES) is a World Bank -accredited company. World Environmental Systems Limited was duly incorporated in Nigeria in the year 1991. The company has offices in Nigeria, USA and Dominican Republic.  Surveys have become a ‘way of life’ in deciding both private marketing strategy and political/government approach to implementing a fee, regulation and/or project. The company is endowed with latest state-of-the-art technologies for Socioeconomic baseline survey, Environmental, Health, Household survey, Economics and engineering management and is committed and organized to being world class consulting company. Our operational spectrum includes Socioeconomic Baseline Data Collection/Survey, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental Survey, Waste Management, Environmental Audit Report (EAR), Environmental Evaluation Report (EER), Aircraft Engine Emissions Monitoring, Impact Evaluation/Assessment, Health Impact Assessment, Household survey, Resource Recovery, Waste Engineering and Management, Environmental Management, Ecological surveys, Oil Spill Cleanup and Remediation Studies,  Civil/Geological Project Management, Engineering and public involvement aspects of development projects.
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Them World Environment Day
The 2022 World Environment Day global campaign #OnlyOneEarth calls for transformative changes to policies and choices to enable cleaner, greener, and sustainable living in harmony with nature.  “Only One Earth” was the motto for the 1972 Stockholm Conference; 50 years on, the motto is as pertinent as ever – this planet is our only home, and humanity must safeguard its finite resources.  The year 2022 is a historic milestone for the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the global environmental community. It marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of UNEP as an outcome of the 1972 Stockholm Conference. It also coincides with the high-level Stockholm+50 international meeting. These emblematic events serve as an opportunity for the international community to strengthen cooperation and show leadership in the transformation towards a more sustainable society.
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Africa Environment Issues
African environmental issues are caused by anthropogenic effects on the African natural environment and have major impacts on humans and nearly all forms of endemic life. Issues include for example deforestation, soil degradation, air pollution, climate change and water scarcity (resulting in problems with access to safe water supply and sanitation). Nearly all of Africa's environmental problems are geographically variable and human induced


Highlights Environmental Impacts on Health in Africa
While it can be convenient to think of human health and the environment as unrelated silos, they are in fact closely related. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) recently released a report underscoring this point especially for Africa, where large numbers of people are directly reliant on natural resources for their livelihoods.  In the Africa Environment Outlook 3: Our Environment, Our Health, UNEP found that a full 28 percent of Africa’s disease burden is a result of environmental factors like contaminated water, which causes diarrheal disease, and air pollution, which causes respiratory illness.  The report builds off the first two Africa Environment Outlooks – the first was a general environmental survey, and the second looked at the links between the environment and development. It also serves as a guide for policymakers, identifying key interventions which target environmental risks to improve health throughout the continent.
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The Natural Environment
The natural environment or natural world encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial. The term is most often applied to the Earth or some parts of Earth. This environment encompasses the interaction of all living species, climate, weather and natural resources that affect human survival and economic activity.[1] The concept of the natural environment can be distinguished as components:
In contrast to the natural environment is the built environment. Built environments are where humans have fundamentally transformed landscapes such as urban settings and agricultural land conversion, the natural environment is greatly changed into a simplified human environment. Even acts which seem less extreme, such as building a mud hut or a photovoltaic system in the desert, the modified environment becomes an artificial one. Though many animals build things to provide a better environment for themselves, they are not human, hence beaver dams, and the works of mound-building termites, are thought of as natural.
People cannot find absolutely natural environments on Earth, and naturalness usually varies in a continuum, from 100% natural in one extreme to 0% natural in the other. The massive environmental changes of humanity in the Anthropocene have fundamentally effected all natural environments: including from climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution from plastic and other chemicals in the air and water. More precisely, we can consider the different aspects or components of an environment, and see that their degree of naturalness is not uniform.[2] If, for instance, in an agricultural field, the mineralogic composition and the structure of its soil are similar to those of an undisturbed forest soil, but the structure is quite different.
Natural environment is often used as a synonym for habitat, for instance, when we say that the natural environment of giraffes is the savanna


Rainforest in Africa
Most of Africa's remaining rainforests are found in the Congo river basin on the Atlantic Ocean side of the continent.  The Congo rainforest is famous for its gorillas, chimpanzees, and elephants as well as its native population of forest dwellers known as pygmies.  Rainforests in the Congo are mostly under threat from logging, subsistence activities like small-scale agriculture and firewood collection, and commercial agriculture, including large plantations. Wildlife is endangered from hunting.
Beyond the rainforest of the Congo Basin, Africa's other major rainforests are the Guinean Forests of West Africa, which run from Sierra Leone to Cameroon; the Eastern Afromontane, which span Ethiopia to Southern Africa; the Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa from Kenya to Mozambique; and the forests of Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands.
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https://rainforests.mongabay.com/kids/elementary/africa.html

Tropical rainforests grow between 23.5° North and 23.5° South of the equator, or between the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, where they typically receive up to 79 inches of rainfall a year and swelter in average temperatures in the low 80s. On the continent of Africa, they are found along the coastal countries of West Africa and in the Congo Basin. Tropical rainforests contain the greatest diversity of life on land. A four-mile patch of forest typically contains around 400 species of birds and protected species such as elephants, chimpanzees and gorillas. However, their existence is under enormous threat. Each year, an area of African rainforest the size of Switzerland is removed by logging companies.
 
US Africa to Work Together on Climate Change
The U.S. government says it wants to partner with African countries to combat climate change. A U.S. climate envoy, who is in South Africa to prepare for a key conference next month, said the fight must be an international one.  "These kinds of damages do not limit themselves to one country," said Jonathan Pershing, U.S. deputy special presidential envoy for climate change. "You can't say I have got a problem and nobody else does. But neither would any country be immune. You don't have to be a landlocked country or an island country or coastal country. We are all in this together.  "That brings me to why I have come to Africa. It's the fastest growing continent, it's a continent in many ways it represents the future, what it chooses to do could either leapfrog the past or follow the previous historical trajectory."  The State of the Climate in Africa 2019 report, a publication coordinated by the World Meteorological Organization, showed increasing climate change threats to people's health, food and water. FILE - Jonathan Pershing, deputy U.S. climate change envoy, speaks at the U.N. World Climate Change Conference 2016 (COP22) in Marrakech, Morocco, Nov. 14, 2016. FILE - Jonathan Pershing, deputy U.S. climate change envoy, speaks at the U.N. World Climate Change Conference 2016 (COP22) in Marrakech, Morocco, Nov. 14, 2016. The predictions on weather patterns, covering the years between 2020 and 2024, call for a continued warming trend and less rainfall in northern and southern Africa.  This has major consequences for the continent. Farmers in Africa depend on their natural environment to grow crops, and due to unpredictable weather patterns, they are getting less food from the farms.  According to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, the number of undernourished people in sub-Saharan Africa has increased by 45% since 2012.  Pershing said despite the challenges, Africa's natural resources can transform the economic fortunes of many countries.  "We could have the critical minerals Africa has in abundance servicing that global demand, that is countries like Kenya, it's countries like Namibia," he said. "We have forest opportunities in countries like the Congo, both of the Congos — Brazzaville and Kinshasa — real windows of opportunities. We have an extraordinary capacity around ports, fishing choices that could be all of our coastal nations. This is an opportunity that is continent-wide."  Pershing said climate issues matter to Americans and said the U.S. wants to work with Africa to solve the global problem.  Developed countries have pledged some $100 billion per year to help developing countries mitigate climate change. In 2019, $80 billion was collected. Wanjira Mathai, vice president and regional director for Africa at the World Resources Institute, based in Nairobi, said Africa needs to invest in its people and lands to mitigate climate change.  "We have to invest in adaptation, we have to invest in cushioning and building resilience in our cities, in our rural settings and certainly investing in energy because energy will ensure that we can make the necessary transition that will cushion us building resilience, especially in the rural areas will require protecting and restoring nature," she said.  High-level officials are expected to gather in Glasgow next month for the COP26 climate summit to accelerate action toward the goals of the Paris Agreement.  The 2016 agreement set out to limit global warming caused by climate change to 1.5 degrees. It also supports countries' efforts to deal with the impacts of climate change.
 
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